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Pavel Nikitin

Affiliate Associate Professor

Principal Antenna Design Engineer
Impinj
400 Fairview Ave N #1200
Seattle, WA 98109

Email: nikitin@ieee.org
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Biography

Pavel Nikitin received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University in 2002. He is currently a Principal Antenna Design Engineer with Impinj where he is doing research, design, and development of RAIN RFID tags and systems products. He previously worked at Honeywell, Intermec, IBM, and Ansys. He is an IEEE Senior Member, has received three Best Paper awards, one Best Poster award, and has over 60 IEEE publications and over 50 US patents.

Research

RFID, RF, antennas

Publications

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Journals and magazines

N. Barbot, I. Prodan and P. Nikitin, A Practical Guide to Optimal Impedance Matching for UHF RFID Chip, IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, 2024

N. Barbot, R. de Amorim, P. Nikitin, Simple Low Cost Open Source UHF RFID Reader, IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, vol. 7, pp. 20-26, 2023

P. Nikitin, Pointing RFIDs in the Right Direction, Ansys Advantage Magazine, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 10-13, June 2018

P. V. Nikitin, Leon Theremin (Lev Termen), IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 252-257, October 2012

P. V. Nikitin, D. D. Arumugam, M. Chabalko, B. E. Henty, and D. D. Stancil, Long Range Passive UHF RFID System using HVAC Ducts, Proceedings of the IEEE (special issue "RFID - A Unique Radio Innovation for the 21st Century"), vol. 98, no. 9, pp. 1629-1635, September 2010

P. V. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, R. Martinez, and S. Lam, Sensitivity and impedance measurements of UHF RFID chips, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1297-1302, May 2009

P. V. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, LabVIEW-based UHF RFID tag test and measurement system, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 2374-2381, July 2009

V. Pillai, H. Heinrich, D. Dieska, P. V. Nikitin, R. Martinez, and K. V. S. Rao, An ultra-low-power long range battery/passive RFID tag for UHF and microwave bands with a current consumption of 700 nA at 1.5 V, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1500-1512, July 2007

P. V. Nikitin and C.-J. R. Shi, VHDL-AMS based modeling and simulation of mixed-technology microsystems: a tutorial, Integration, the VLSI Journal, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 261 - 273, April 2007

P. V. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, and R. Martinez, Differential RCS of RFID tag, Electronics Letters, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 431-432, April 2007

P. V. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Theory and measurement of backscattering from RFID tags, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 212-218, December 2006

K. V. S. Rao, P. V. Nikitin and S. Lam, Antenna design for UHF RFID tags: a review and a practical application, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 3870-3876, December 2005

P. V. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, S. Lam, V. Pillai, R. Martinez, and H. Heinrich, Power reflection coefficient analysis for complex impedances in RFID tag design, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 2721-2725, September 2005

P. V. Nikitin and D. D. Stancil, Antenna radiation resistance in waveguide and in free-space, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no.6, pp. 2126-2128, June 2005

A. E. Xhafa, O. K. Tonguz, A. G. Cepni, D. D. Stancil, P. V. Nikitin, and D. Brodtkorb, On the capacity limits of HVAC duct channel for high-speed Internet access, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 335-342, February 2005

O. K. Tonguz, A. E. Xhafa, D. D. Stancil, A. G. Cepni, P. V. Nikitin, and D. Brodtkorb, A simple path-loss prediction model for HVAC systems, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1203-1214, July 2004

P. V. Nikitin, D. D. Stancil, A. G. Cepni, A. E. Xhafa, O. K. Tonguz, and D. Brodtkorb, Novel mode content analysis technique for antennas in multimode waveguides, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2402-2408, December 2003

P. V. Nikitin, D. D. Stancil, O. K. Tonguz, A. E. Xhafa, A. G. Cepni, and D. Brodtkorb, Impulse response of the HVAC duct as a communication channel, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 51, no. 10, pp.1736-1742, October 2003

P. V. Nikitin, D. D. Stancil, A. G. Cepni, O. K. Tonguz, A. E. Xhafa, and D. Brodtkorb, Propagation model for the HVAC duct as a communication channel, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 945-951, May 2003

P. Nikitin and C. Swenson, Impedance of a short dipole antenna in a cold plasma, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 49, no.10, pp. 1377-1381, October 2001

Conference proceedings

P. Nikitin, J. Kim, G. Berzagui, J. M. Roehe, KVS Rao, Equivalent Circuit Analysis of an Open-Ended Slot Type RFID Tag Antenna, IEEE APS 2023, Portland, OR

P. Nikitin, M. Brewster, J. Kim, KVS Rao, Dielectric Sensing using T-matched RAIN RFID Tags, IEEE RFID 2023, Seattle, WA

N. Barbot, P. Nikitin, Simple Open-Source UHF RFID Tag Platform, IEEE RFID 2023, Seattle, WA

P. Nikitin, J. Kim, G. Berzagui, J. M. Roehe, KVS Rao, Reversed T-matching in RFID Tag Antennas, IEEE APS 2022, Denver, CO

P. Nikitin, J. Kim, KVS Rao, RFID Tag Analysis Using an Equivalent Circuit, IEEE APS 2021, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore

P. Nikitin, J. Kim, KVS Rao, RFID Tag Antenna Design for ARC Specs, IEEE APS 2020, Montreal, Canada

P. Nikitin, Self-Reconfigurable RFID Reader Antenna, IEEE RFID 2017, Phoenix, AZ (Best Paper Award)

P. Nikitin, Wirelessly Reconfigurable Antenna, IEEE APS 2015, Vancouver, BC

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao and S. Lam UHF RFID Tag Characterization: Overview and State-of-the-Art, AMTA 2012, Seattle, WA

K. V. S. Rao, S. Lam, and P. Nikitin, Low Profile Rigid UHF RFID Tags, IEEE APS 2012, Chicago, IL

P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, R. Martinez, and K. V. S. Rao, Passive Tag-to-Tag Communication, IEEE RFID 2012, Orlando, FL (Best Paper Finalist)

P. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Gain Measurement of Antennas using RFID, IEEE APS 2011, Spokane, WA

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, and S. Lam, RFID Paperclip Tags, IEEE RFID 2011, Orlando, FL

K. V. S. Rao, P. V. Nikitin and S. Lam UHF RFID Tag for Metal Containers, IEEE APMC 2010, Yokohama, Japan

P. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Compact Yagi Antenna for Handheld UHF RFID Reader, IEEE APS 2010, Toronto, ON

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, Helical Antenna for Handheld UHF RFID Reader, IEEE RFID 2010, Orlando, FL

P. Nikitin, R. Martinez, S. Ramamurthy, H. Leland, G. Spiess, and K. V. S. Rao, Phase Based Spatial Identification of UHF RFID Tags, IEEE RFID 2010, Orlando, FL (Best Paper Award)

P. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Harmonic Scattering from Passive UHF RFID Tags, IEEE APS 2009, Charleston, SC

P. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Effect of Gen2 protocol parameters on RFID tag performance, IEEE RFID 2009, Orlando, FL

K. V. S. Rao, S. F. Lam, and P. Nikitin, Wideband metal mount UHF RFID tag, IEEE APS 2008, San Diego, CA

P. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Antennas and propagation in UHF RFID systems, IEEE RFID 2008, Las Vegas, NV

P. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Performance of RFID tags with multiple RF ports, IEEE APS 2007, Honolulu, HI

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, and S. Lazar, An overview of near field UHF RFID, IEEE RFID 2007, Grapevine, TX

P. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Performance limitations of passive UHF RFID systems, IEEE APS 2006, Albuquerque, NM

K. V. S. Rao, P. Nikitin and S. Lam Impedance Matching Concepts in RFID Transponder Design, AUTOID 2005, Buffalo, NY

P. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, Measurement of backscattering from RFID tags, AMTA 2005, Newport, RI (Best Paper Award)

P. Nikitin, S. Lam, and K. V. S. Rao, Low cost silver ink RFID tag antennas, IEEE APS 2005, Washington, DC

R. Punnoose, P. Nikitin, and D. D. Stancil, Efficient simulation of Ricean fading within a packet simulator, IEEE VTC 2000, Boston, MA

R. Punnoose, P. Nikitin, J. Broch, and D. D. Stancil, Optimizing wireless network protocols using real-time predictive propagation modeling, IEEE RAWCON 1999, Denver, CO

Poster abstracts

N. Barbot, R. de Amorim, P. Nikitin, Simple Low-Cost Open-Source UHF RFID Reader, IEEE RFID 2022, Las Vegas, NV (Best Poster Award)

P. Nikitin, J. Ensworth, KVS Rao, A. Pesavento, J. Kim, 2.4 GHz Passive Gen2 RFID System, IEEE RFID 2019, Phoenix, AZ

P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, and R. Martinez, Simple Low Cost UHF RFID Reader, IEEE RFID 2013, Orlando, FL

Journal editorials

R. Bhattacharyya, P. Nikitin, Guest Editorial: Special Issue on IEEE RFID 2019 Conference, IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification,vol. 4, no. 1, March 2020

R. Bhattacharyya, P. Nikitin, Guest Editorial: Special Issue on IEEE RFID 2018 Conference, IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification,vol. 3, no. 1, March 2019

P. Nikitin, Guest Editorial: Special Issue on IEEE RFID 2017 Conference, IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, vol. 1, no. 1, March 2017

Book chapters

P. V. Nikitin, A. Parks, J. R. Smith, RFID-vox: a tribute to Leon Theremin, book chapter in Wirelessly Powered Sensor Networks and Computational RFID, Springer, 2013

Doctoral thesis

Analysis of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ducts as a radio frequency communication channel, PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 2002

Patents

US patents

B. Morton, P. Nikitin, D. Gilpin, Land grid array patterns for modular electronics platforms and methods of performing the same, US patent 11798902, 2023

P. Nikitin, Wideband RFID tag antenna, US patent 11527832, 2022

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, A. Arul, Systems and methods for a reconfigurable radio front-end, US patent 11151336, 2021

P. Nikitin, Wirelessly reconfigurable antenna, US patent 10985445, 2021

B. Morton, P. Nikitin, D. Gilpin, Land grid array patterns for modular electronics platforms and methods of performing the same, US patent 10957660, 2021

P. Nikitin, G. Spiess, H. Leland, L. Hingst, J. Sherman, Utilization of motion and spatial identification in RFID systems, US patent 10902227, 2021

S. Ackley, P. Nikitin, RFID tag battery charging method, US patent 10811762, 2020

P. Nikitin, R. Martinez, Method, system, and apparatus for locating RFID tags, US patent 10810387, 2020

S. Kelly, P. Nikitin, Smart energy scavenging tag sensor, US patent 10733394, 2020

G. Raven, J. Harrigan, R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, D. Gilpin, S. Kelly, RFID tag with anti-tamper assembly, US patent 10565488, 2020

P. Nikitin, Wideband RFID tag antenna, US patent 10559884, 2020

B. Morton, P. Nikitin, D. Gilpin, Land grid array patterns for modular electronics platforms and methods of performing the same, US patent 10559545, 2020

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Self-steering RFID tags, US patent 10503937, 2019

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, R. Martinez, Method to increase RFID tag sensitivity, US patent 10452968, 2019

R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, J. Harrigan, Systems and methods for controlling antennas, US patent 10445540, 2019

P. Nikitin, J. Harrigan, Systems and method for antenna pattern measurement, US patent 10440539, 2019

P. Nikitin, R. Martinez, S. Kelly, S. Ramamurthy, RFID tag with reconfigurable properties and/or reconfiguring capability, US patent 10430622, 2019

P. Nikitin, R. Martinez, S.Kelly, Systems and methods for a reconfigurable antenna, US patent 10339346, 2019

S. Ackley, P. Nikitin, RFID tag battery charging method, US patent 10236554, 2019

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Systems, methods, and apparatus to permit communication between passive wireless transponders, US patent 10186136, 2019

R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, J. Harrigan, Systems and methods for controlling antennas, US patent 10185849, 2019

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Systems and methods for authentication, US patent 10163282, 2018

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, R. Martinez, Systems and methods for controlling RFID tag communication, US patent 10114985, 2018

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Self-reconfigurable antenna, US patent 10096898, 2018

G. Raven, J. Harrigan, R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, D. Gilpin, S. Kelly, RFID tag with anti-tamper assembly, US patent 10062026, 2018

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Modulation index (depth) based grouping, addressing, and fingerprinting RFID tags, US patent 9996716, 2018

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, R. Martinez, Systems and methods for controlling RFID tag communication, US patent 9990518, 2018

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Systems and methods for powering and communicating with wireless sensor devices using building electrical wiring, US patent 9935605, 2018

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Systems, methods, and apparatus to permit communication between passive wireless transponders, US patent 9928721, 2018

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, RFID system with location capability, US patent 9904818, 2018

H. Leland, S. Kelly, E. Chrisman, P. Nikitin, Systems and methods for displaying location information for RFID tags, US patent 9872135, 2018

P. Nikitin, Method and apparatus to mitigate multipath in RFID, US patent 9864881, 2018

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, R. Brueckmann, H. Leland, S. Kelly, Synthetic aperture RFID handheld with tag location capability, US patent 9835722, 2017

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Modulation index (depth) based grouping, addressing, and fingerprinting RFID tags, US patent 9727763, 2017

P. Nikitin, Wirelessly reconfigurable antenna, US patent 9705183, 2017

P. Nikitin, G. Spiess, H. Leland, L. Hingst, J. Sherman, Utilization of motion and spatial identification in RFID systems, US patent 9704002, 2017

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, RFID system with location capability, US patent 9665750, 2017

G. Raven, J. Harrigan, R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, D. Gilpin, S. Kelly, RFID tag with anti-tamper assembly, US patent 9542637, 2017

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, R. Brueckmann, H. Leland, S. Kelly, Synthetic aperture RFID handheld with tag location capability, US patent 9459343, 2016

P. Nikitin, Method and apparatus to mitigate multipath in RFID, US patent 9208365, 2015

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, R. Brueckmann, H. Leland, S. Kelly, Synthetic aperture RFID handheld with tag location capability, US patent 9176215, 2015

P. Nikitin, G. Spiess, H. Leland, L. Hingst, J. Sherman, Utilization of motion and spatial identification in mobile RFID interrogator, US patent 9047522, 2015

P. Nikitin, G. Spiess, H. Leland, L. Hingst, J. Sherman, Utilization of motion and spatial identification in RFID systems, US patent 9007178, 2015

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, Method and apparatus to estimate the number of transponders in a field, US patent 8564412, 2013

P. Maltseff, S. Winter, P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, E. Erosheva, Stochastic communication protocol method and system for RFID tags based on coalition formation, such as for tag-to-tag communication, US patent 8488510, 2013

V. Pillai, P. Nikitin, S. Lam, Phase hopping to reduce interference and improve RFID tag throughput, US patent 8451094, 2013

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, J. Bleichner, S. Lam, System and method for determining RFID tag placement, US patent 8339266, 2012

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, Wireless encoder apparatus and methods, US patent 8314746, 2012

P. Nikitin, R. Martinez, S. Ramamurthy, Method and system to determine the position, orientation, size, and movement of RFID tagged objects , US patent 8248210, 2012

P. Maltseff, S. Winter, P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, E. Erosheva, Stochastic communication protocol method and system for RFID tags based on coalition formation, such as for tag-to-tag communication, US patent 8199689, 2012

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, S. Lam, RFID tags with enhanced range and bandwidth obtained by spatial antenna diversity, US patent 8077044, 2011

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, R. Martinez, H. Heinrich, Method and apparatus for RFID tag detection and characterization, US patent 7978074, 2011

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, S. Lam, Configurable RFID tag with protocol and band selection, US patent 7952464, 2011

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, S. Lam, A. Reynolds, R. Martinez, Automatic data collection device, method, and article, US patent 7893813, 2011

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, S. Ackley, S. Lam, Near-field and far-field antenna-assembly and devices having same, US patent 7843347, 2010

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, S. Lam, Systems and methods for wirelessly marking media, US patent 7724142, 2010

K. V. S. Rao, P. Nikitin, S. Lam, Tunable RFID tag for global applications, US patent 7323977, 2008

International patents

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, R. Martinez, Method to increase RFID tag sensitivity, China patent 109086852, 2024

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, A. Arul, Systems and methods for a reconfigurable radio front-end, European patent 3425812, 2023

P. Nikitin, R. Martinez, Method, system, and apparatus for locating RFID tags, European patent 3608827, 2022

G. Raven, J. Harrigan, R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, D. Gilpin, S. Kelly, RFID tag with anti-tamper assembly, Brazil patent 102015032862, 2022

G. Raven, J. Harrigan, R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, D. Gilpin, S. Kelly, RFID tag with anti-tamper assembly, European patent 3217327, 2021

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Self-reconfigurable antenna and self-steering RFID tags, European patent 3188084, 2021

G. Raven, J. Harrigan, R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, D. Gilpin, S. Kelly, RFID tag with anti-tamper assembly, China patent 105868664, 2020

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Systems and methods for powering and communicating with wireless sensor devices using building electrical wiring, UK patent 2545301, 2020

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, R. Brueckmann, S. Kelly, H. Leland, Synthetic aperture RFID handheld with tag location capability, European patent 3285202, 2019

S. Ackley, P. Nikitin, RFID tag battery charging method, European patent 3190547, 2019

S. Kelly, P. Nikitin, Smart energy scavenging tag sensor, UK patent 2534468, 2019

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Systems, methods, and apparatus to permit communication between passive wireless transponders, European patent 3067834, 2019

H. Leland, S. Kelly, E. Chrisman, P. Nikitin, Systems and methods for displaying location information for RFID Tags, UK patent 2535298, 2019

P. Nikitin, Wirelessly reconfigurable antenna, UK patent 2552918, 2018

P. Nikitin, Proximity sensor controlling a switched parasitic element of a reconfigurable directional antenna, UK patent 2516552, 2018

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Modulation index (depth) based grouping, addressing, and fingerprinting RFID tags, European patent 3040905, 2018

P. Nikitin, G. Spiess, H. Leland, L. Hingst, J. Sherman, Utilization of motion and spatial identification in RFID systems, European patent 2778713, 2018

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, R. Brueckmann, S. Kelly, H. Leland, Synthetic aperture RFID handheld with tag location capability, European patent 3007097, 2017

G. Raven, J. Harrigan, R. Martinez, P. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, D. Gilpin, S. Kelly, RFID tag with anti-tamper assembly, European patent 3040913, 2017

P. Nikitin, S. Kelly, Systems, methods, and apparatus to permit communication between passive wireless transponders, European patent 2876580, 2016

P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, R. Brueckmann, H. Leland, S. Kelly, Synthetic aperture RFID handheld with tag location capability, European patent 2779020, 2015

P. Maltseff, S. Winter, P. Nikitin, K. V. S. Rao, E. Erosheva, Stochastic communication protocol method and system for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags based on coalition formation, such as for tag-to-tag communication, European patent 1938483, 2015

Awards

Committees

Dr. Nicolas Barbot, Grenoble Alpes University, France, "Time-variant and non-linear transponders for identification and sensing", 2023

Dr. Ahmed Abdelgawwad, University of South Carolina, USA, "MIMO antenna systems for wireless handheld devices", 2022

Dr. Andrey Larionov, The Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, "Design methodology and research methods for traffic safety management systems based on broadband wireless networks and radio frequency identification", 2022

Dr. Xiaojie Fu, University of Washington, USA, "Radar detection and imaging of cooperative and uncooperative targets", 2019

Dr. Apoorva Sharma, University of Washington, USA, "Dual-band power and communication antennas for wireless brain computer interfaces", 2019

Dr. Eleftherios Kampianakis, University of Washington, USA, "High data-rate ultra low-power backscatter wireless communication systems for brain-computer interfaces", 2019

Dr. Laura Arjona Aguilera, University of Deusto, Spain, "Dynamic and scalable strategies to lower the identification time and energy consumption in Aloha-based RFID anti-collision protocols", 2018

Dr. Hassan Noor Khan, Graz University of Technology, Austria, "Measurement Based Backscatter RFID System Analyzer for Tag Localization", 2017

Dr. Gianfranco Andia Vera, Grenoble INP, France, "Analysis and Exploitation of Non-linearities in Passive UHF RFID Systems", 2014

Dr. Colby Boyer, University of Washington, USA, "RFID: a Communication System Perspective", 2014

Dr. Alexei Popov, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint Petersburg, Russia, "Planar Antenna Structures for RFID Systems", 2012

Dr. Rasmus Krigslund, Aalborg University, Denmark, "Experimental Assessment of Orientation Sensing and Constructive Interference in Passive RFID Systems", 2012

Dr. Daniel Arnitz, Graz University of Technology, Austria, "Tag Localization in Passive UHF RFID", 2011

Dr. Pekka Pursula, VTT Technical Research Centre, Finland, "Analysis and Design of UHF and Millimetre Wave Radio Frequency Identification", 2009

Dr. Joshua Griffin, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, "High Frequency Modulated Backscatter Communication Using Multiple Antennas", 2009